The 2450 MHz or 2.45 GHz frequency sits at the heart of the 2.4 GHz ISM band —one of the most universally recognized and widely utilized sections of the radio spectrum. It plays a critical role in modern wireless communication, serving technologies from Wi-Fi to Bluetooth , Zigbee , and industrial automation . Unlicensed yet globally harmonized, 2450 MHz exemplifies spectrum efficiency through innovation and coexistence.
Center frequency : 2450.000 MHzISM Band Range : 2400 MHz – 2483.5 MHz Band classification : UHF (Ultra High Frequency)ITU Allocation : Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band
🌐 Region Frequency Allocation Primary Use Licensing 🌍 Region 1 (Europe, Africa) 2400–2483.5 MHz ISM / SRD / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth License-exempt 🌎 Region 2 (Americas) 2400–2483.5 MHz ISM / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth / IoT License-exempt 🌏 Region 3 (Asia-Pacific) 2400–2483.5 MHz ISM / Wireless LAN / Zigbee / BLE License-exempt
🟢 Harmonized use: The 2.4 GHz ISM band is globally available for unlicensed operation across ITU regions.
Application Description Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) Core band for home and office wireless LAN networks Bluetooth / BLE Personal area networking and low-power wireless peripherals Zigbee / 802.15.4 Wireless mesh networks for smart homes, meters, and IoT devices Microwave Ovens Non-communication use that introduces incidental interference Industrial Telemetry Factory automation, robotics, and wireless sensors Cordless Phones / Video Older analog wireless devices (now phased out in many countries)
License-free use under local Part 15 / ETSI / SRD regulationsOperates on a non-interference, non-protection basis
Must comply with emission limits , duty cycle restrictions (in some regions)
Parameter Typical Values Max Power (ERP) 100 mW (Europe); up to 1 W (USA/Canada) Common Modulations DSSS, FHSS, OFDM, GFSK, QPSK Bandwidth Varies: 1–22 MHz (depending on technology) Channel Spacing 1, 5, or 20+ MHz (application dependent)
Europe (ETSI EN 300 328): Limits on duty cycle and channel occupancy applyUSA (FCC Part 15.247): Requires frequency hopping or spread spectrum complianceJapan: Additional 2471–2497 MHz band used with some regulatory conditions
Band Frequency Range Use 2300–2400 MHz Mobile / Fixed / Military (Region dependent) 2400–2483.5 MHz ISM band (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee) 2483.5–2500 MHz Mobile satellite service, restricted use 2500–2690 MHz LTE Band 7 and Band 41 (TDD), broadband wireless
Extremely crowded due to overlapping wireless tech
Microwave ovens , video transmitters , and older analog gear can cause interferenceCoexistence strategies include:
Channel hopping (Bluetooth)
Adaptive frequency selection (Wi-Fi 802.11h)
Mesh network routing (Zigbee, Thread)
Introduced for ISM use long before wireless communicationsBecame central to early Wi-Fi and Bluetooth development in the 1990s
2.4 GHz spectrum unlocked low-cost, global consumer electronics growth
Remains essential for short-range and low-power wireless systems
Ideal for short- to mid-range communication (1–100 m line-of-sight)
Highly accessible and easy to integrate in SDR platforms (HackRF, LimeSDR)
Careful antenna tuning required due to crowded band and multipath
Band is susceptible to interference , but offers global deployment advantage
Wi-Fi 4/5/6 (802.11 b/g/n/ax)
Bluetooth 2.0–5.3 / BLE
Zigbee / Thread / 6LoWPAN
LoRa 2.4 GHz (Semtech SX1280)
Wireless USB, RF keyboards/mice, RC devices
Attribute Value/Details Center Frequency 2450 MHz ITU Region Use Globally harmonized (Regions 1, 2, 3) Primary Use Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, IoT License Required? No (license-exempt, with rules) Typical Power 10 mW to 1 W depending on region Modulation Types DSSS, OFDM, FHSS, GFSK Harmonized? Yes Key Benefit Ubiquitous, low-cost, global spectrum access
