📡
Frequency
445 MHz
Frequency
445 MHz
🧭
Range
441–450 MHz
Range
441–450 MHz
🧩
Band Group
UHF (300–1000 MHz)
Band Group
UHF (300–1000 MHz)
🌐 Summary
The 445 MHz allocation is part of the UHF (300–1000 MHz) spectrum. This range is used worldwide for critical applications that keep our communications and infrastructure running smoothly. On this page we highlight how each band is applied in real systems, from regulatory assignments to everyday devices. Our goal is to make spectrum data clear and practical for engineers, regulators, and enthusiasts alike.
Key uses of this band include: 445 MHz: Commercial/government land mobile; Amateur secondary use; 70 cm Amateur & LMR; Amateur radios, PMR, IoT SRD (433 MHz); license-free short-range voice.
70 cm amateur band; FM/DMR/D‑STAR/C4FM repeaters and simplex channels common.
🔍 Explore the full RF Spectrum database
📡 Band & Geometry key
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Wavelength (m) | 0.674 |
| Waveforms | – |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 16.9 cm |
| Band Family | Amateur/CB |
| Band | UHF (Land mobile + Amateur secondary) |
| Primary Common Name | Land mobile / Fixed + Amateur (secondary) |
| FSPL @ 1 km [dB] | 85.407200219619 |
| FSPL @ 10 km [dB] | 105.40720021962 |
| Fresnel Radius @ 1 km (m) | 12.981888853408 |
| Band Group | UHF (300–1000 MHz) |
| Tax Band Family | UHF |
| Tax Band Class | UHF LMR/SRD/Amateur (410–450) |
🧩 Applications & Usage
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Primary Application | Commercial/government land mobile; Amateur secondary use |
| Lower Neighbor Use | Amateur 70 cm band |
| Upper Neighbor Use | UHF (Commercial/public safety) |
| Typical Services Devices | 70 cm Amateur & LMR |
| Market Common Devices | Amateur radios, PMR, IoT SRD (433 MHz) |
| Refarming Use | No |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Low (<100 models) |
| Device Hotspots (MHz) | 445 |
| Device Category | PMR446 |
| Typical Use Cases | license-free short-range voice |
| Modulation (Device) | FM (narrowband) |
| Channel Width (Device) [kHz] | 12.5 |
| Device Region Profiles | EU/UK |
| Per-Region EIRP Or Duty (Device) | 0.5 W ERP typical |
| Allocation Relevance (Device) | Personal radio service |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | Urban congestion possible |
| Example Devices Or Skus | Motorola, Kenwood PMR446 radios |
| Common Protocols | Amateur 70 cm (FM/DV); Digital Voice (D-STAR/C4FM) |
🗒️ Notes
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Receiver Selectivity Notes | – |
| Interference Notes | Interference mgmt near SRD band |
| Compatibility Risk Notes | – |
| Notes | 70 cm amateur band; FM/DMR/D‑STAR/C4FM repeaters and simplex channels common. |
| Propagation Notes | Strong coverage, good indoor penetration |
⚙️ Technical Rules
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Lower Band Frequency Limit | 441 |
| Upper Band Frequency Limit | 450 |
| EIRP Indoor Limits | Licensed amateur |
| EIRP Outdoor Limits | Licensed amateur |
| PSD Limit | — |
| Emission Mask Class | Amateur service |
| Guardband Minimum [kHz] | 25 |
| Typical Bandwidths | 11–20 kHz |
| Autocalculated Bandlimits | No |
| Typical Bandwidths (Estimated) | 11–20 kHz |
| Max EIRP [dBm] | 0.5 W ERP typical |
| Power Source Or Duty Profile (Typical) | Handheld battery |
| Channelization Plan | – |
| Channelization | – |
| Guard Band Requirement | – |
| OOB Emission Limit [dBm/MHz] | -13 (baseline) |
| Spurious Emission Limit (dBm) | -30 (baseline) |
| RX Blocking Min [dBm] | -15 (planning) |
| Duplexing | Half-duplex |
| Duplexing Information | Simplex or paired |
| Uplink Pairing | – |
| Downlink Pairing | – |
| Paired Band Info | – |
| Max EIRP [dBm] | – |
| Channelization Block Size | 12.5 / 25 kHz channels |
| 3GPP Band Number | |
| Example 3GPP Bands | – |
| LTE Uplink Bands | – |
| LTE Downlink Bands | – |
| NR Uplink Bands | – |
| NR Downlink Bands | – |
| Guard Bands | Narrow guard bands |
| Protocol Or Standard | PMR446 (EU) |
🌎 Country Overrides
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax Service Category | Other / Various |
| Tax License Type | Amateur (Licensed) |
| Tax Regions | Global / Varies |
| ITU Region 1 | Land mobile, Fixed |
| ITU Region 2 | Land mobile, Fixed, Amateur (secondary 420–450 MHz in US) |
| ITU Region 3 | Land mobile, Fixed |
| License Type | Land mobile (licensed); Amateur (secondary) |
| Primary Application | Commercial/government land mobile; Amateur secondary use |
| Primary Services | – |
| Spurious Emission [dBm] | -30 (baseline) |
| Lower Neighbor Use | Amateur 70 cm band |
| Upper Neighbor Use | UHF (Commercial/public safety) |
| Licensing Model | Licensed (Amateur/LMR) |
| Typical Services Devices | 70 cm Amateur & LMR |
| US FCC Alloc | -– |
| CA IC Alloc | -– |
| UK Ofcom Alloc | -– |
| US Ref | 47 CFR Part 90 (Private Land Mobile) |
| Typical Bandwidths | 11–20 kHz |
| Market Licensing Model | Licensed (Amateur/LMR) |
| Market Common Devices | Amateur radios, PMR, IoT SRD (433 MHz) |
| Fresnel Radius (1st, 1 km) [m] | 12.981888853408 |
| Typical Bandwidths (Estimated) | 11–20 kHz |
| Auction Status | – |
| Refarming Use | No |
| Typical Site Spacing km | 4 / 12 |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Low (<100 models) |
| Traffic Load Share | Coverage-heavy, low capacity share |
| Device Hotspots (MHz) | 445 |
| Device Category | PMR446 |
| Typical Use Cases | license-free short-range voice |
| Typical Center Frequencies [MHz] | 446 |
| Rule Part (Fcc Or Region) | ETSI EN 300 296 / EN 300 113 |
| Modulation (Device) | FM (narrowband) |
| Channel Width (Device) [kHz] | 12.5 |
| Device Region Profiles | EU/UK |
| Per-Region EIRP Or Duty (Device) | 0.5 W ERP typical |
| Allocation Relevance (Device) | Personal radio service |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | Urban congestion possible |
| Example Devices Or Skus | Motorola, Kenwood PMR446 radios |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 16.9 cm |
| Power Source Or Duty Profile (Typical) | Handheld battery |
🛡️ Regulatory & Neighbors
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Lower Band Frequency Limit | 441 |
| Upper Band Frequency Limit | 450 |
| Rx Blocking Min dBm | -15 (planning) |
| Lower Neighbor Use | Amateur 70 cm band |
| Upper Neighbor Use | UHF (Commercial/public safety) |
| Lower Neighbor Band | Amateur 70 cm band |
| Lower Neighbor Range | 435.000–440.000 MHz |
| Upper Neighbor Label | UHF (Commercial/public safety) |
| Upper Neighbor Range | 451.000–461.000 MHz |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | Urban congestion possible |
| Real-World Range (Indoor/Outdoor) | Urban few blocks; Open areas a few km |
| US FCC Alloc | — |
| CA IC Alloc | — |
| UK Ofcom Alloc | — |
| Regulatory References | US: 47 CFR Part 90 (Private Land Mobile); CA: ISED RSS‑119 (Land Mobile 27.41–960 MHz); UK: Ofcom PMR/Business Radio (UK FAT) |
| Global Harmonization | Global |
| Crossborder Coordination | High |
| Sharing Mechanism | – |
| Auction Status | – |
| Guard Or Pair | – |
📈 Market & Measurements
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Noise Floor | -110 dBm (est.) |
| Interference Cases | – |
| Lower Neighbor Range | 435.000–440.000 MHz |
| Upper Neighbor Range | 451.000–461.000 MHz |
| Interference Notes | Interference mgmt near SRD band |
| Market Licensing Model | Licensed (Amateur/LMR) |
| Market Commercial Value | Specialized |
| Market Common Devices | Amateur radios, PMR, IoT SRD (433 MHz) |
| Market Deployment Density | Medium in Europe/Asia |
| Noise Floor (Estimated) | -110 dBm (est.) |
| Market Commercial Value (Estimated) | Specialized |
| Ecosystem Maturity | Emerging |
| Indoor Penetration | Good |
| Known Interference | No major interference issues noted |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Low (<100 models) |
| Real-World Range (Indoor/Outdoor) | Urban few blocks; Open areas a few km |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 16.9 cm |
| Ecosystem Maturity | Emerging |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Low (<100 models) |
| Chipset Availability | Ham radio equipment vendors |
| Operator Deployments | Individual operators worldwide |
| Technology Generations Deployed | Amateur voice/data modes |
| Roaming Support | No |
| Traffic Load Share | Coverage-heavy, low capacity share |
| Indoor Penetration | Good |
| Known Interference | No major interference issues noted |
| Occupancy | Medium |
| Occupancy Bucket Pct | 10–30% |
| Latency Profile | – |
| Common Channels Or Profiles | 16+ channels @ 12.5 kHz |
| Security Features | none |
| Lbt Or Fhss Requirement | – |
| Popularity (Installed Base) | High |
| Coexistence Tips | Use CTCSS/DCS to reduce chatter |
| Latency Class | Interactive/PTT |
| Device Hotspots (Scoped && Tagged) | – |
