📡
Frequency
865 MHz
Frequency
865 MHz
🧭
Range
851–869 MHz
Range
851–869 MHz
🧩
Band Group
UHF (300–1000 MHz)
Band Group
UHF (300–1000 MHz)
🌐 Summary
The 865 MHz allocation is part of the UHF (300–1000 MHz) spectrum. This range is used worldwide for critical applications that keep our communications and infrastructure running smoothly. On this page we highlight how each band is applied in real systems, from regulatory assignments to everyday devices. Our goal is to make spectrum data clear and practical for engineers, regulators, and enthusiasts alike.
Key uses of this band include: 865 MHz: Public Safety and Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) downlink paired with 806–824 MHz uplink; Mobile, Fixed; Narrowband/Trunked LMR downlinks; LTE/NR smartphones, legacy GSM/CDMA devices; LPWAN sensors/meters/trackers; inventory, access control, asset tracking; utility metering, AMI backhaul.
800 MHz public safety/SMR base transmit (851–869 MHz): trunked P25/DMR/SMR systems; outcomes of 800‑MHz rebanding reflected here.
🔍 Explore the full RF Spectrum database
📡 Band & Geometry key
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Wavelength (m) | 0.347 |
| Waveforms | Analog/digital PMR, P25, TETRA, LTE, 5G NR |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 8.67 cm |
| Band Family | LMR/Public Safety |
| Band | 800 MHz Public Safety / SMR — Downlink |
| Primary Common Name | Public Safety / SMR DL |
| FSPL @ 1 km [dB] | 91.180322149296 |
| FSPL @ 10 km [dB] | 111.1803221493 |
| Fresnel Radius @ 1 km (m) | 9.3112896854805 |
| Band Group | UHF (300–1000 MHz) |
| Tax Band Family | UHF |
| Tax Band Class | 800/850 MHz Cellular & SMR (806–896) Band |
🧩 Applications & Usage
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Primary Application | Public Safety and Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) downlink paired with 806–824 MHz uplink |
| Lower Neighbor Use | No adjacent allocation defined |
| Upper Neighbor Use | Cellular 850 (CLR) — Downlink |
| Typical Services Devices | Narrowband/Trunked LMR downlinks |
| Market Common Devices | LTE/NR smartphones, legacy GSM/CDMA devices |
| Refarming Use | No |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Medium (100–1000 models) |
| Device Hotspots (MHz) | 868.1/868.3/868.5 |
| Device Category | LoRa / LoRaWAN; UHF RFID (EPC Gen2); Smart Meter / RFLAN |
| Typical Use Cases | LPWAN sensors/meters/trackers; inventory, access control, asset tracking; utility metering, AMI backhaul |
| Modulation (Device) | LoRa (CSS); Reader: ASK/PR-ASK; Tag: backscatter; FSK/O-QPSK (802.15.4g) |
| Channel Width (Device) [kHz] | 125–500; 200–500; 50–200 |
| Device Region Profiles | EU: 868; US: 902–928; AU/NZ: 915–928; AS923 variants; EU 865–868; US 902–928; US 902–928; EU 868 |
| Per-Region EIRP Or Duty (Device) | EU ≤14 dBm; US up to 30 dBm class (gateway); EU ≤33 dBm EIRP; US up to 36 dBm EIRP (typical); Region-specific; low duty at endpoints |
| Allocation Relevance (Device) | ISM LPWAN allocations; SRD/ISM allocations; ISM allocations enable fixed network |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | 915 MHz overlaps Z-Wave/RFID/smart meters; Collision with LoRa/Z-Wave/smart meters in 915 band; 915 MHz congestion with LoRa/RFID/Z-Wave |
| Example Devices Or Skus | Cellular (2G/3G Legacy Devices) |
| Common Protocols | LoRa (868 MHz); Sigfox (regional); Short-Range Devices (SRD); wM-Bus (868 MHz); LTE; 5G NR; GSM/EDGE; UMTS (legacy); Analog FM (12.5 kHz); DMR; P25 (region); TETRA (region) |
🗒️ Notes
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Receiver Selectivity Notes | – |
| Interference Notes | Adjacent cellular downlinks; filtering needed |
| Compatibility Risk Notes | – |
| Notes | 800 MHz public safety/SMR base transmit (851–869 MHz): trunked P25/DMR/SMR systems; outcomes of 800‑MHz rebanding reflected here. |
| Propagation Notes | Strong coverage, good indoor penetration |
⚙️ Technical Rules
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Lower Band Frequency Limit | 851 |
| Upper Band Frequency Limit | 869 |
| EIRP Indoor Limits | Base stations per license |
| EIRP Outdoor Limits | Base EIRP per license (high) |
| PSD Limit | — |
| Emission Mask Class | LMR/SMR trunked |
| Guardband Minimum [kHz] | 12.5 |
| Typical Bandwidths | 5, 10, 20 MHz |
| Autocalculated Bandlimits | No |
| Typical Bandwidths (Estimated) | 5, 10, 20 MHz |
| Max EIRP [dBm] | EU ≤14 dBm; US up to 30 dBm class (gateway); EU ≤33 dBm EIRP; US up to 36 dBm EIRP (typical); Region-specific; low duty at endpoints |
| Power Source Or Duty Profile (Typical) | Battery sensors; mains gateways; Mains readers; passive tags; Mains-powered endpoints and relays |
| Channelization Plan | 5, 10, 20 MHz |
| Channelization | 25 kHz (legacy); 12.5 kHz narrowband; LTE/NR blocks |
| Guard Band Requirement | – |
| OOB Emission Limit [dBm/MHz] | -13 (baseline) |
| Spurious Emission Limit (dBm) | -30 (baseline) |
| RX Blocking Min [dBm] | -15 (planning) |
| Duplexing | FDD |
| Duplexing Information | FDD: 806–824 MHz (PS/SMR UL) uplink / 851–869 MHz (PS/SMR DL) downlink |
| Uplink Pairing | 806–824 MHz (PS/SMR UL) |
| Downlink Pairing | 851–869 MHz (PS/SMR DL) |
| Paired Band Info | – |
| Max EIRP [dBm] | – |
| Channelization Block Size | – |
| 3GPP Band Number | |
| Example 3GPP Bands | – |
| LTE Uplink Bands | – |
| LTE Downlink Bands | Band 26 |
| NR Uplink Bands | – |
| NR Downlink Bands | n26 |
| Guard Bands | – |
| Protocol Or Standard | LoRaWAN; EPC Gen2 / ISO 18000-6C; Proprietary FHSS / IEEE 802.15.4g |
🌎 Country Overrides
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Tax Service Category | Other / Various |
| Tax License Type | Licensed / Service-Specific |
| Tax Regions | Global / Varies |
| ITU Region 1 (Europe, Africa, Middle East (west of Persian Gulf), Western Russia & Mongolia) | Mobile, Fixed |
| ITU Region 2 (North America, South America, Central America, Caribbean, Greenland, Eastern Pacific Islands (Americas region)) | Mobile, Fixed |
| ITU Region 3 (Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands, Oceania, Indian Subcontinent, East Asia & Southeast Asia) | Mobile, Fixed |
| License Type | Licensed public safety / SMR |
| Primary Application | Public Safety and Specialized Mobile Radio (SMR) downlink paired with 806–824 MHz uplink |
| Primary Services | Mobile, Fixed |
| Spurious Emission [dBm] | -30 (baseline) |
| Lower Neighbor Use | No adjacent allocation defined |
| Upper Neighbor Use | Cellular 850 (CLR) — Downlink |
| Licensing Model | Licensed (Public safety / LMR) |
| Typical Services Devices | Narrowband/Trunked LMR downlinks |
| US FCC Alloc | Public Safety / LMR (Downlink)– |
| CA IC Alloc | Public Safety / LMR (Downlink)– |
| UK Ofcom Alloc | LMR (regional)– |
| US Ref | 47 CFR Part 90 (Private Land Mobile) |
| Typical Bandwidths | 5, 10, 20 MHz |
| Market Licensing Model | Auctioned (IMT) |
| Market Common Devices | LTE/NR smartphones, legacy GSM/CDMA devices |
| Fresnel Radius (1st, 1 km) [m] | 9.3112896854805 |
| Typical Bandwidths (Estimated) | 5, 10, 20 MHz |
| Auction Status | – |
| Refarming Use | No |
| Typical Site Spacing km | 2 / 8 |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Medium (100–1000 models) |
| Traffic Load Share | Coverage-heavy, low capacity share |
| Device Hotspots (MHz) | 868.1/868.3/868.5 |
| Device Category | LoRa / LoRaWAN; UHF RFID (EPC Gen2); Smart Meter / RFLAN |
| Typical Use Cases | LPWAN sensors/meters/trackers; inventory, access control, asset tracking; utility metering, AMI backhaul |
| Typical Center Frequencies [MHz] | EU 868 (125 kHz); US 915 (125/500 kHz); EU 433; EU 865–868; US 902–928; 902–928 (US); 868 (EU) |
| Rule Part (Fcc Or Region) | FCC Part 15.247; ETSI EN 300 220; FCC Part 15.247; ETSI EN 302 208 |
| Modulation (Device) | LoRa (CSS); Reader: ASK/PR-ASK; Tag: backscatter; FSK/O-QPSK (802.15.4g) |
| Channel Width (Device) [kHz] | 125–500; 200–500; 50–200 |
| Device Region Profiles | EU: 868; US: 902–928; AU/NZ: 915–928; AS923 variants; EU 865–868; US 902–928; US 902–928; EU 868 |
| Per-Region EIRP Or Duty (Device) | EU ≤14 dBm; US up to 30 dBm class (gateway); EU ≤33 dBm EIRP; US up to 36 dBm EIRP (typical); Region-specific; low duty at endpoints |
| Allocation Relevance (Device) | ISM LPWAN allocations; SRD/ISM allocations; ISM allocations enable fixed network |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | 915 MHz overlaps Z-Wave/RFID/smart meters; Collision with LoRa/Z-Wave/smart meters in 915 band; 915 MHz congestion with LoRa/RFID/Z-Wave |
| Example Devices Or Skus | Cellular (2G/3G Legacy Devices) |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 8.67 cm |
| Power Source Or Duty Profile (Typical) | Battery sensors; mains gateways; Mains readers; passive tags; Mains-powered endpoints and relays |
🛡️ Regulatory & Neighbors
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Lower Band Frequency Limit | 851 |
| Upper Band Frequency Limit | 869 |
| Rx Blocking Min dBm | -15 (planning) |
| Lower Neighbor Use | No adjacent allocation defined |
| Upper Neighbor Use | Cellular 850 (CLR) — Downlink |
| Lower Neighbor Band | Cellular 850 (CLR) — Uplink (segment) |
| Lower Neighbor Range | 836.000–849.000 MHz |
| Upper Neighbor Label | Cellular 850 (CLR) — Downlink |
| Upper Neighbor Range | 870.000–894.000 MHz |
| Adjacent-Band Collision Risks (Device) | 915 MHz overlaps Z-Wave/RFID/smart meters; Collision with LoRa/Z-Wave/smart meters in 915 band; 915 MHz congestion with LoRa/RFID/Z-Wave |
| Real-World Range (Indoor/Outdoor) | Urban 1–3 km; Suburban 2–10 km; Rural 10–20+ km; Gates/portals up to several meters; handheld shorter; Urban street-scale mesh; hub range hundreds of meters |
| US FCC Alloc | Public Safety / LMR (Downlink)Public Safety / LMR (Downlink) |
| CA IC Alloc | Public Safety / LMR (Downlink)Public Safety / LMR (Downlink) |
| UK Ofcom Alloc | LMR (regional)LMR (regional) |
| Regulatory References | US: 47 CFR Part 90 (Private Land Mobile); CA: ISED RSS‑119 (Land Mobile 27.41–960 MHz); UK: Ofcom PMR/Business Radio (UK FAT) |
| Global Harmonization | Global |
| Crossborder Coordination | High |
| Sharing Mechanism | – |
| Auction Status | – |
| Guard Or Pair | – |
📈 Market & Measurements
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Noise Floor | -110 dBm (est.) |
| Interference Cases | – |
| Lower Neighbor Range | 836.000–849.000 MHz |
| Upper Neighbor Range | 870.000–894.000 MHz |
| Interference Notes | Adjacent cellular downlinks; filtering needed |
| Market Licensing Model | Auctioned (IMT) |
| Market Commercial Value | High-value IMT band |
| Market Common Devices | LTE/NR smartphones, legacy GSM/CDMA devices |
| Market Deployment Density | Dense urban, broad rural coverage |
| Noise Floor (Estimated) | -110 dBm (est.) |
| Market Commercial Value (Estimated) | High-value IMT band |
| Ecosystem Maturity | Emerging |
| Indoor Penetration | Good |
| Known Interference | No major interference issues noted |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Medium (100–1000 models) |
| Real-World Range (Indoor/Outdoor) | Urban 1–3 km; Suburban 2–10 km; Rural 10–20+ km; Gates/portals up to several meters; handheld shorter; Urban street-scale mesh; hub range hundreds of meters |
| Antenna Form Factor (Typical) | ¼-wave ≈ 8.67 cm |
| Ecosystem Maturity | Emerging |
| Device Ecosystem Size | Medium (100–1000 models) |
| Chipset Availability | Specialized vendors (Motorola, Airbus) |
| Operator Deployments | Regional/national public safety agencies |
| Technology Generations Deployed | LMR / TETRA digital voice |
| Roaming Support | No |
| Traffic Load Share | Coverage-heavy, low capacity share |
| Indoor Penetration | Good |
| Known Interference | No major interference issues noted |
| Occupancy | Medium |
| Occupancy Bucket Pct | 10–30% |
| Latency Profile | – |
| Common Channels Or Profiles | EU868: 863–870; US915: 902–928; EU433: 433.05–434.79; Reader channels regional; listen-before-talk in EU; FHSS sub-bands; utility-specific profiles |
| Security Features | AES-128 network/app keys; Reader–tag security varies by generation; AES-128 or stronger (utility) |
| Lbt Or Fhss Requirement | EU: LBT/duty-cycle; US: hopping/dwell; EU: LBT; US: hopping/dwell; FHSS/LBT as region requires |
| Popularity (Installed Base) | High |
| Coexistence Tips | Use sub-band plans; ADR; avoid continuous beacons; Directional antennas; duty limits; channel planning; Antenna height; avoid same sub-band as neighbors |
| Latency Class | Not critical / ALOHA; Low/Interactive (reader-driven); Not critical / scheduled |
| Device Hotspots (Scoped && Tagged) | – |
